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前言
摆臂式垃圾车是一种常用的环卫车辆。主要用于城镇的街道、住宅区、机关院校和厂矿企业的垃圾收运，也可以用于施工建设中灰土、沙石的运输，也可以装运煤炭和矿石。Swingarmgarbagetruckisasanitationvehiclewhichcommonlyusedingarbagetransportationoftownstreets,residentialquaters,miningareaandfactoryetc,alsocanbeusedtotransportthedust,gravelforconstructionworkandcarrycoalandore.
您必须严格按照本说明书所述方法和各项规定，正确使用和保养本车。正确的操作和日常维护保养是实现安全运输、减少故障、延长使用寿命的基本保证。本车的操作、维修人员应仔细地阅读本说明书，对摆臂式垃圾车相关原理和使用、操作要领有较透彻的了解，以保证安全、有效的使用车辆。Customermustuseandmaintenancevehiclecorrectlyinstrictaccordingtothesaidmethodofmanualandeachregulation.Correctoperationanddailymaintenanceworkisthebasicguaranteethatcometruethesafetransport,reducethebreakdown,increaseofservicelife.Toensureusethevehiclesafeandeffective,personwhooperateandmaintainthevehiclemustreadthemanualcarefully,sothatcouldhaveaperspectiveoncorrelationtheoryandoperatingessentialsofswingarmgarbagetruck.
本手册是车辆的一部分,应与车辆一起保存和使用,手册的图形和说明在出版时是正确的,但我公司产品的结构在不断的改进和完善,因此有可能出现本手册的介绍与车辆的实际结构不同的情况,敬请谅解。Thismanualispartofvehicle,shouldbekeptandusedwithvehicle,thegraphandstationofmanualiscorrectinthepublication,butourproductstructurearemakingcontinuousimprovements,maybetheintroduceofmanualisdifferentwiththeactualstructureofvehicle,thanksforyourunderstanding.有关汽车底盘的维修与保养请参阅原底盘使用说明书。Pleaserefertothechassismanualaboutchassisrepairingandmaintenance.
一.摆臂式垃圾车外形图outsidedrawingofswingarmgarbagetruck
1-汽车底盘2-料斗3-摆臂机构4-锁钩5-支腿6-液压系统7-操作系统1-chassis2-dustbin3-swingarminstitutions4-hook5-outrigger6-hydraulicsystem7-operatingsystem
二.主要技术性能参数maintechnicalparameter

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三．工作原理与结构特征operatingprincipleandstructuralfeature1.工作原理operatingprinciple本车专用机构的工作是由液压驱动的。液压系统构成见图一。Hydraulicpressuredrivespecialinstitutionofvehicletowork.Hydraulicsystemstructurerefertofigure1.液压系统由液压油箱、油泵、多路换向阀、摆臂油缸、支腿油缸、锁钩油缸、平衡阀、液压锁、滤油器和管路等组成。Hydraulicsystemisincludingoilbox,oilpump,multipledirectionalcontrolvalue,swingarmoilcylinder,outriggeroilcylinder,hookoilcylinder,balancevalue,hydrauliclock,oilfilterandpipelinesetc.取力器从汽车发动机获取动力，带动油泵旋转。操作多路换向阀可分别控制摆臂油缸、支腿油缸或锁钩油缸的伸缩运动，完成吊装或卸料工作。PTOgetpowerfromengineanddriveoilpumprotation.Operatingmultipledirectionalvaluecanseparatelycontroltheforeandaftmotionofswingarmoilcylinder,outriggeroilcylinderorhookoilcylindertofinishworkingofhoistingorunloading.液压系统中装有平衡阀和液压锁。平衡阀在工作中可以保证摆臂的运动平稳和安全，防止料斗失速。液压锁可以防止支腿液压油缸在工作中发生软腿现象并防止行驶中支腿意外伸出。Hydraulicsystemequipwithbalancevalueandhydrauliclock.Balancevaluecanensuresmoothmovementofarmandsecurity,avoidhopperinastallcondition.Hydrauliccanavoidoutriggerhydraulicoilcylinderhaveasoftlegphenomenoninworkingandoutriggeraccidentputoutindriving.在不操作多路换向阀手柄时，油泵排出的液压油经多路换向阀回到油箱。Whenwedontoperatethemultipledirectionalvaluehandle,thehydraulicoilthatpumpdischargebacktooilboxbymultipledirectionalvalue.液压系统的最大工作压力为16MPa，该压力由多路换向阀上的安全阀来调定。在正常情况下，系统压力超过16MPa时，液压油会经安全阀流回油箱，这时往往表明系统超载，机构不能正常工作。安全阀的压力值在出厂时已经调定，不要随意调节。Maxworkingpressureofhydraulicsystemis16MPa,itissettedupbysafetyvalueofmultipledirectionalvalue.Undernormalsituation,whenthepressureofsystemexceed16MPa,hydraulicoilwouldbacktooilboxbysafetyvalue,meansthatsystemoverloadanddontfunctionproperly.Thepressureofsafetyvaluehasbeensettedupwellinfactory,dontadjustitfreely.>

图一，液压系统图Figure1,hydraulicsystemplan1-摆臂油缸2-液压锁3-支腿油缸4-油泵5-液压油箱6-滤油器7-多路换向阀8-安全阀9-锁钩油缸10-平衡阀11-管路1-swingarmoilcylinder2-hydrauliclock3-outriggeroilcylinder4-oilpump5-hydraulicoilbox6-oilfilter7-multipledirectionalcontrolvalue8-safetyvalue9-hookoilcylinder10-balancevalue11-pipelines2.结构特征structuralfeature摆臂式垃圾车选用已定型的标准载货汽车底盘，在底盘上增加专用装置制造而成。专用装置主要包括：摆臂机构、料斗、锁钩、支腿、液压系统、操作系统等。Theswingarmgarbagetruckadoptsthestandardtruckchassis,fittingaspecialunitonthechassis.Thespecialunitismadeofswingarmframe,feeder,hook,outrigger,hydraulicsystemandoperationsystem.●摆臂机构：摆臂机构的摆臂是由钢板焊接成的箱型结构件。操作多路换向阀可驱动摆臂油缸绕摆动轴来回旋转摆动。摆臂机构用来提升和卸下货物（如料斗）。Swingarmframe:Van-typeconstructionalpartweldedbysteelplates.Themultipledirectionalcontrolvalvecandrivethecylinderswingaroundtheaxle.Thisframeisusedforloadingandunloading(eg,feeder)●料斗：料斗是金属焊接件，有敞开和密封两种形式。用来盛装货物。Feeder:metalconstructionalpart,includingopenandclosetypes,andusedforloadingcargo.●锁钩：倾倒货物时钩住料斗上的销轴，防止料斗脱落。Hook:hitchthepinonthefeederwhendampingthecargotopreventthefeederfrompeeling.●支腿：本车作业时，必须先放下支腿，防止车辆翘头。Outrigger:theoutriggermustbeloweredtopreventthetruckfromturningupwhenthetruckisworking.●液压系统：本车的作业功能都是通过液压系统来实现的。Hydraulicsystem:thefunctionisrealizedthroughthissystem.●操作系统：通过该系统实现各项功能的转换。在操作多路换向阀前应挂上取力器带动油泵工作。通过操纵多路换向阀的手柄可完成支腿的伸缩和装斗、卸斗和卸料的工作。通过操作在多路换向阀旁的油门手柄，可控制发动机的转速，从而调节系统的流量改变机构的工作速度。Operationsystem:thefunctionsareconvertedbythissystem;thePTOshouldbehungbeforethemultipledirectionalcontrolvalveandmaketheoilpumpwork.Operatingthehandle,theoutriggercanbestretchedinandout;thecargocanbeloadedandunloaded.Operatingtheengine-controlhandle,theenginespeedcanbecontrolled,thentheflowofcontrolsystemcanchangetheoperationspeedofframe.
四．操作规程operatingspecification1.汽车的操作规程operatingregulationofvehicle按照汽车底盘使用说明书的要求操作。驾驶员除了认真阅读本说明书外，还应认真阅读底盘使用说明书。Operatevehicleaccordingtorequirementsofmanualofchassis.Drivershouldreadchassismanualcarefullyapartfromvehiclemanul.2.专用装置操作规程operatingregulationofspecialspecification●作业前的准备：作业前要观察场地是否符合要求。停车后要拉上驻车制动器。Preparationbeforeworking:observewhethertheareaisaccordwithrequirementsbeforeworking.Pullonparkingbrakeafterparking.●取力器的操作：工作时应挂上取力器。操纵取力器时，汽车发动机应怠速运转，首先踩下离合器踏板，然后将取力器气动开关合上，再缓慢松开离合器踏板。这时油泵开始运转。OperationofPTO:thePTOshouldbeturnedonwhenoperatingandtheengineshouldworkinslowspeed.Firsttheclutchpedalispressed,thenthePTOswitchisturnedoff,afterthat,slowlyreleasethepedal,theoilpumpstartsworking.●放下支腿：操作多路换向阀相应的手柄放下左右支腿，并确认牢固支撑于地面后才能进行吊斗或卸料作业。Putdownoutrigger:operatethecorrespondinghandleofmultipledirectionalvaluetoputdownrightandleftoutrigger,andbegintoswinghopperorunloadafterensuringtheyarestrongsustaintheground.●装料：放下支腿，操作多路换向阀吊装料斗，料斗上车后吊链要处于松弛状态。吊装完成后要操作多路换向阀锁上锁钩，然后收回支腿。Loading:putdowntheoutrigger,operatemultipledirectionalvaluetohoisthopper,thechainhoistmustbestateoflooseafterhoppergetonthevehicle.Whenfinishhoistingoperatemultipledirectionalvaluelockthehook,andthentakebackoutrigger.●运输：收回支腿，脱开取力器后才可行车。Transport:drivevehicleaftertackbackoutriggeranddisconnectPTO.●卸斗：放下支腿，松开锁钩，吊下料斗。Unloadbucket:putdownoutrigger,loosenhook,liftofhopper.●卸料：放下支腿，保持锁钩锁紧，操作摆臂使料斗倾斜，货物卸出后，操作摆臂使料斗回位。Unloading:putdownoutrigger,keephooklocked,operatearmmakethehopperistilted,aftergoodsdischarged,operatearmmakehopperback.五．使用注意事项Cautions1.请严格按汽车底盘使用说明书和本说明书的规程要求进行汽车的驾驶操作和整车的专用功能操作。未阅读说明书的人员严禁操作。Pleasefinishtheoperationofdriveandspecialfunctionsinstrictaccordancewiththerequirementsofchassismanualandthismanual.Personforbidoperatevehiclewhodontreadmanual.2.作业前要观察场地是否平整，在大于12％的坡度上作业时必须用垫块止动车轮。在摆臂工作范围内不得有障碍物。observewhethertheareaissmoothbeforeworking,whenworkingradientmorethan12%,mustusecushionblocktostopthewheel.Intheswingarmworkingrangeshouldnothaveobstacles.3.吊装作业时人员不得进入摆臂运动范围内。Personcannotenterthearmmovementrangewhenhoisting.4.严禁不用支腿作业，必须确认支腿牢固支撑后才可作业。Forbidoperatewithoutoutrigger,workafterensuringoutriggerisstrongsustaintheground.5.安全阀的压力值在出厂时已经调定，使用中不要随意调节。Thepressureofsafetyvaluehasbeensettedupwellinfactory,dontadjustitfreely.6.必须严格遵守操作规程，操作时如发现有异常现象应立即停止工作，查明原因。有故障必须在排除后再继续工作。Muststrictlyabideoperatespecification,shouldstopworkimmediatelyandidentifythereasonwhenhaveaunusualphenomenoninworking.Startworkagainafterclearingoffault.7.液压油的清洁是保证液压系统能长期正常工作的重要条件。平时要注意检查液压油的状况，如发现油液浑浊、发黑，应及时更换。换油时要通过滤油器并避免在操作中将杂物带入油箱内。Itisimporttocleanthehydraulicoilforkeepingthehydraulicsystembeingworknormally.Theoilshouldbecheckedasusual,iftheoilbecomesmuddyordark,thenitneedstobereplaced.Whilereplacingtheoil,afiltershouldbeusedforpreventingtheimpuritiesfromtheoiltank.8.行驶前应将取力器开关置于分离位置。PTOswitchshouldbeplacedinseparationbeforedriving.9.推荐使用液压油：冬季N32普通液压油，夏季N46普通液压油。Recommendhydraulicoil:WinterN32L-HL,SummerN46L-HL.六.故障分析与排除analyzeandeliminatefault故障现象faultphenomenon原因reason排除措施treatmentmeasures油缸活塞杆漏油pistonrodofoilcylinderleaksoil1.密封圈损坏sealingringdamage2.活塞杆表面划伤pistonrodsurfacescratched1.检查导向套、更换密封圈checkorientingsleeve,changesealingring2.用细沙纸修整或更换零件usesandpaperrepairorreplacementparts.活塞杆爬行或蠕动pistonrodcrawlorperistalsis1.液压缸或液压油内混入空气hydrauliccylinderorhydraulicoilmixedinair1.排除空气removalair液压缸举升无力hydrauliccylinderliftingweak1.活塞密封件损坏pistonsealdamage2.系统压力过低（安全阀失调）systempressureistoolow(safetyvaluedisorders)3.系统压力过低（内泄露严重）systempressureistoolow(insideleakserious)4.油泵损坏oilpumpdamage5.油箱液压油不足hydraulicoilshortage6.滤油器堵塞oilfilterplug1.检查、更换密封件checkandreplacesealing2.检查、调整安全阀压力checkandadjustpressureofsafetyvalue3.检查、更换元件checkandreplacecomponents4.检查、更换油泵checkandreplaceoilpump5.检查、加足液压油checkandaddhydraulicoil6.检查、更换滤芯checkandreplacefilter>支腿软腿outriggersoft1.液压锁泄露hydrauliclockleak2.油缸活塞密封件损坏pistonsealingofoilcylinderdamage1.清洗、更换元件cleanandreplacecomponents2.检查、更换密封件checkandreplacesealing>油管漏油fuellineleak1.密封圈损坏sealingringdamage2.油管密封面损坏sealingfaceofoillinedamage1.检查、更换密封圈checkandreplacesealingring2.检查、更换油管checkandreplaceoilline七．保养与维修Maintenanceandservice1.底盘的保养与维修按汽车底盘使用说明书的要求。Maintenanceandserviceaccordingtochassismanual.2.取力器的保养、换油与汽车变速箱同时进行。参照汽车底盘使用说明书的要求。ThemaintenanceofPTO,oilchangesandgearboxalsoundertherequirementsofthevehicleinstruction.3.每班工作完成后，必须清洗车厢和料斗。Mustcleanthedustbinandhopperafterwork.4.应定期对整车的各联结部位和润滑点进行检查，及时排除紧固件的松动现象和保证润滑良好。Checkallconnectionspartsandlubricationpointregularly,removalthefastenerloosenesspromptlyandensuregoodlubrication.
5.每年应对取力器、变速箱进行一次较全面的清洗、检查、维修。Clean,checkandrepairPTOandgearboxeveryyear.

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